
In the early stages of research and investigation into Chinese traditional vernacular dwellings, scholars conducted some sporadic surveys. Liu Dunzhen, in his 1941 publication “Overview of Surveys on Ancient Architecture in Southwest China,” was the first to propose vernacular dwellings as an independent architectural type. In 1956, Liu Dunzhen published An Introduction to Chinese Residences. The earliest books on provincial vernacular dwellings in China were published between 1960 and 1962.

Esoteric Buddhist architecture; Type comparison; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; Cultural integration; Mandala; Vajra world

This thesis has been produced as a phased achievement under the General Program(21SKGH168) for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission.

This paper examines Chinese feminist artist Li Xinmo’s performance artworks The Death of Xinkai River and A Ritual of Farewell as critical intervention in ecofeminist discourse within the East Asian context. Through a semiotic analysis of polluted water as artistic medium—manifested in cyanobacterial blooms, toxic odors, and corporeal immersion—the study reveals how the work deconstructs romanticized "feminine-water" metaphors to expose the structural parallels between ecological degradation and gendered violence.


Beljing Opera interprels various spects of life through dynamicsinging, rectation,acting, and fighting: Oil painting expresses thoughts andenotions in the tran-uil form,color, ligh,and shadow.T he fwo diferent visalcultural systems of Peking Opera and oil paintingcondense he essenc ofBastern and Western aesthetliexhibition uses oil painting as a realistic"tool" toembody the subtle and elegant ' way of Peking Opera Dan roles, Themoment of conentraionhecanvahe Dow of aura on stage, and colors andlines generate new expressions in a new.contex, forming an artistic gazethat transcends culture.
Qijun Wang

Yehan Wang

Hong Chen